Rephrase the following sentences without changing the meaning
It's a pity you didn't tell us about it.
I wish
* The heat was such that I nearly fainted.
It was
* Is it possible to travel to London by coach?
I wonder
* He's getting someone to mend the windows.
He's having
* It started to rain at two o'clock.
It has
* They made her hand over her passport.
She was
* I thought it would be better than that.
It wasn't
* No one has ever discussed that question.
That question
* We couldn't go out because the weather was so bad.
It was such
* Six years ago we started writing to each other.
We have
* My brother and I both went to that school.
I went to that school and so
* She and I had never been there before.
Neither
* Someone must meet him at the railway station.
He
* Someone stole my purse from my handbag.
My purse
* Getting a good job doesn't interest him.
He
* She said to us: "Don't be late".
She told
* The garden is too small to play football.
The garden isn't
* I often get up early.
I am used
* When did you start working here?
How long
* No one in the group is younger than her.
She's
* They made him wait for two hours.
He was
* I must leave now or I will miss the bus.
I will
* The police made the boat turn back.
The boat
* I have never been to the ballet before.
It's
* The switch was too high for him to reach.
He wasn't tall
* We wanted to play the match this morning, but it was
raining.
If
* Last week the painter came to paint the walls
We
* I left earlier in order to be able to catch the bus.
(so that)
* She can't come to the party! What a shame!
I wish
* You won't pass the exam unless you study harder
If
* We will go to the cinema after lunch.
We won't go * You must water these plants
every two weeks.
These plants
* They cancelled the match because it was raining
(because of )
* People thought that the man had died
It
The man
* Perhaps they've forgotten about the meeting
(must)
* I don't really want to have lunch now.
I'd rather
* The men robbed a lot of money from the bank.
A great
* I'd like to be a millionaire.
I wish
*He has lived in this house all his life
(since)
* I'm sure he has gone to the beach
(must)
* "Don't go", the man said to us.
The man
* He can't make friends because of his bad temper.
His bad temper
1. Complete the sentences with
EITHER................OR / NEITHER.............NOR
1.
I'm sorry. I speak...............French ................Spanish. You'll have to
ask someone else for help.
2.............the
Tunisian Government..............the jeans manufacturer seem worried by the
situation.
3.You
can...............talk to a friend...........solve your problems by yourself.
4...............she
lied to me..............I misunderstood her.
5...........Bob..........I
had any cash, so we were told to pay...........by credit card.........by
cheque.
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of SHOULD /HAD BETTER
1.
Your flight is about to take off. You...............
2.
Marina is tired of living at home. She..............
3.
That boy lies. You..................
4.Rob's
ear is infected.He..............
5.Debbie
always knows the answers on the quiz show. She.........
6.Your
teacher will go mad if she sees the mess on thepage. You...........
3.
GET/HAVE SOMETHING DONE
Complete
the sentences with the verbs below. Use the correct causative form.
1.
John's hair is too long. Today he................
2.
Sarah's eyes hurt. She must.........
3.My
bedroom looks terrible. I ought to.................
4.Pat's
motorbike isn't working. She wants to.............
5.My
car is very dirty. I........................tomorrow.
6.
Helen wrote a story. She.................last year.
USE
THE FOLLOWING VERBS:
DECORATE,
CUT, EXAMINE, PUBLISH, FIX, WASH
4.
PHRASAL VERBS:
PUT
Replace
the phrasal verbs in bold in the sentences with the words o phrases below:
POSTPONE
HUMILIATE ACCOMMODATE STAND PROPOSE CONNECT WITH
How
can you put up with her constant talking? Doesn't it drive you
mad?
As
the pianist was ill, the had to put the concert off.
Can
you put me up for the night?
Nobody
likes Alex. He always tries to put people down
in front of their friends.
I
am sure Mr Rutherford will put forward an interesting solution
to our problem.
Just
one moment!' I'll put you through to Mrs
Porter's office.
VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS
OF FROM FOR ON TO WITH
5. Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition
from the ones above.
The
dealers depend .........unsuspecting farmers for business
The
number of people who suffer.............malnutrition has increased.
Did
you see the bus collide ............. a car?
You
should complain..........the manager about the problem.
I
have decided to apply.........the position of production manager.
Many
companies take advantage............their workers.
6. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE
VERBS IN BRACKETS. USE MODAL PERFECTS. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE SUITABLE
ANSWER.
1.I
don't understand why you didn't help her. You...........................(offer)
some help.
2.I
was surprised that Rosie didn't visit me. She........................(know) I
was ill.
3.Michelle
wasn't well when I saw her. It was obvious that she........................(go)
to the doctor.
4.The
lights are out. Everyone.....................(leave).
5.Terry....................(read)
that book. I am not sure.
7. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1.
How does she know that today is my birthday? Someone (must tell/ must have
told) her.
2.There
(may have been/ may be) a storm tonight. Do you want to stay home?
3.We
(needn't /needn't have ) shot that scene again.
4.
He crossed the road without looking. He (could have been/ could be) killed.
5.
Actors (need/ need to) learn their lines very well.
8. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
Dancing
with vampires
Dancing
with vampires is an amazing film! You
(must/can) see it. There were moments when I (could/might) feel the hairs on my
neck standing on end. I was so scared that I often (have to / had to) cover my
eyes. In my opinion, however, the choice of the leading actress wasn't good.
Anyone else would have given a better performance. Still the director (couldn't
have / needn't have) made a more frightening film if he had tried! It (must/
must have) taken the make-up artists hours to do the make-up. I (can't/ haven't
been able to) stop thinking about the film ever since I saw it. I only have one
regret.- I (shouldn't /shouldn't have) taken my mother with me as she has been
having nightmares ever since.
9. REVIEW/ REPHRASING:
1.
Matt intends to visit Malta this year. (going)
2.I
began working at eleven o'clock and I still haven't finished. (since)
3.Julie
didn't bring her umbrella and now it is raining. (should)
4.This
is the town in which I was born (where)
5.First
Jane found a flat she liked. Then she looked for a flatmate. (after)
10. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A SUITABLE MODAL OR
MODAL PERFECT BELOW:
MUST HAVE/ COULDN'T HAVE / WOULD / NEEDN'T / SHOULD
HAVE
-You....................go
to see that film. It is very boring.
-Tom
Hanks....................driven a 1998 jeep if the film took place in 1995.
-The
sign says:' Do not use lift in case of fire'. It........................been a
mistake as Americans use 'elevators'.
-You
said you............ensure that there weren't any shadows from the camera on
the screen.
-The
stamp on the postcard......................been French, but it wasn't.
11. VERB TENSES REVISION:
We
(have not talked/ had not talked) about the problematic area which (concerns/
is concerning) improbabilities, in other words, things which (aren't/ don't)
logical. For example, in Independence Day , the President's wife is
rescued by a helicopter, after (which/who) the city is hit in an attack and the
ground temperature (reaches/reached) 1,650ºC. According to science, the
President's wife (must not have survived/ could not have survived) such extreme
heat, even if the helicopter (flies/was flying) above the ground. Once again,
we (must have asked/ must ask) ourselves the all-important questions: (Was/did
this spoil the film for us? Can we really expect the people (whose/who) make
films to be experts in every field?
12.
Link the sentences with a proper relative. Write commas where necessary.
Mrs
Debbie Clark was shot in the leg. She tackled the gunman.
That's
the man. I was talking about him last night.
They
bought a new house. It was very expensive.
A
girl fainted. She was standing next to me.
The
Wye is a beautiful river. It flows through Hereford.
This
picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was painted in 1960.
A
man telephoned this morning. His company sells computers.
You
spoke to a man on the phone. That was my father.
What
was the name of the car?. It won the Car of the Year award.
Mr
Webster had to stay the night. His car was stolen.
What
did you do with the eggs? I bought them this morning.
We
used to live in a house. It has just been sold.
An
old lady lives across the road. She's got eight cats.
We use gerunds after prepositions (e.g. without, before)
and after certain verbs (e.g. enjoy, can’t stand, afraid
of).
She left without saying goodbye.
He enjoys going rollerblading at the weekend.
We use infinitives after certain verbs (e.g. want, hope,
offer).
Paul offered to repair Sue’s bike.
After some verbs (e.g. like, love, hate, prefer,
start,
continue) we can use either the
gerund or infinitive
with no change in meaning.
I like playing tennis.
I like to play tennis.
1 Rewrite the sentences using gerunds.
Tim cycled into town. He didn’t stop.
Tim cycled into town without stopping.
1 Rachel lost the race. She was very angry.
Rachel was angry about ……………………
………………………………………………
2 We didn’t go to the cinema, we watched a video
at home.
Instead of ……………………………………..
………………………………………………...
3 Ivan passed his driving test because he practised
every weekend.
By ……………………………………………..
…………………………………………………
4 Gillian read the newspaper then she phoned her
friend.
Before ………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
5 They left the disco and went for a coffee.
After ……………………………………………
…………………………………………………..
6 Jake has split up with his girlfriend.
He’s upset.
Jake is upset about ……………………………...
…………………………………………………..
2 Choose the correct forms.
1 Tony wants to go / going travelling before he
goes to university.
2 He promised to buy / buying her a diamond ring for their
anniversary.
3 Have you ever considered studying / to study
abroad?
4 He agreed to buy / buying the motorbike
for £2,000.
5 John has been a farmer for twenty years. He’s
used to getting up / get up early.
6 It’s cold today. You shouldn’t go out without
wearing / to wear your coat.
3 Complete the story with gerunds or
infinitives.
A haunted house
When I was a child I used to spend my holidays at my aunt and uncle’s
old country house. One summer I remember 1……………… (have) a strange experience.
It was a hot afternoon, and my cousins suggested 2……………… (play)
hide-and-seek. But instead of 3……………… (go) outside, we decided that we 4………………
(play) in the attic. After we 5……………… (turn off) all the lights,
we all hid in different places. I managed 6……………… (hide) behind an old
sofa.
Then something odd happened. In the darkness we heard footsteps come
into the room. The footsteps seemed 7……………… (walk) towards the sofa. I wanted
8……………… (move), but I couldn’t. I expected something terrible 9……………… (happen).
Then suddenly the footsteps stopped and the door slammed shut. After 10……………… (wait)
for a few seconds, we jumped up and ran downstairs without 11……………… (stop).
We told my aunt and uncle, but they refused
12……………… (believe) us. Mysteriously the house burned down a year
later. The
fire started in the attic.
UNIT
2
Grammar
Past Simple Vs Past Continuous
Used to / Didn’t use to
Past simple and past
continuous
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action
in the past.
Mark went to the cinema last night.
Past continuous
We use the past continuous to talk about:
• an action which was in progress at a particular time in the past.
They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.
• an action in the past that is interrupted by another action
I was walking along the street when someone stole my bag.
1 Choose the correct tenses.
It was one o’clock in the morning and I 1 was lying /
lay awake in bed. The wind 2 was
blowing / blew outside and it 3 rained / was raining. Suddenly I 4
heard / was hearing a loud crash. It
5 came / was coming from downstairs. I 6 got up / was getting up and
7 switched on / was switching on the light.
Everything was quiet and still. Only the clock in the hallway 8 was
ticking / ticked. I 9 walked / waswalking down the stairs
when I 10 noticed / wasnoticing something strange. The front
door was wide open.
2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct
form of the past simple or the past
continuous.
1 Peter ……………… (drive) home when he
……………… (see) the accident.
2 I ……………… (watch) TV when the phone
……………… (ring).
3 He ……………… (wear) sunglasses when I
……………… (meet) him.
4 She ……………… (fall) asleep while she
……………… (do) her homework.
5 The pop star ……………… (sing) when the
lights ……………… (go out).
6 It ……………… (start) to rain when we
……………… (walk) on the beach.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of
the past simple or the past continuous.
At midnight last night rescue teams
1……………… (search) for victims after a giant tornado 2……………… (hit)
Oklahoma and Kansas.
The storm flattened more than 5,000 homes and
3……………… (injure) more than 700 people.
Robert Hensley 4……………… (hide) in his cellar when the tornado
5……………… (destroy) his home. ‘I 6……………… (not come out) until two hours
later,’ he said, ‘My house was gone and I
7……………… (not recognize) the street.’
Mary Richardson 8……………… (have) a bath when she 9……………… (hear)
the tornado. She quickly
10……………… (put on) a coat and 11……………… (escape) to the
local high school. ‘I 12……………… (run) to the school when the tornado
3……………… (strike) my house,’ she said. ‘It 14……………… (be) a very
frightening experience.’
4 Write the questions. Use the past simple or
the past continuous.
1 What / the rescue teams / do at midnight?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2 How many / homes / the storm / destroy?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3 Where / Robert Hensley / hide / when the tornado hit his home?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4 When / he / come out?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
5 Who / have a bath / when the tornado arrived?
………………………………………………
…………………………………
USED
TO
El uso de 'used to' en inglés
Se usa used to +
verbo para hablar de hábitos ya pasados y para hablar de estados pasados.
Ejemplos: Hábito: I used to play the guitar. Significa
que antes tocabas la guitarra pero ya no. Estado: I used to live in London. Significa que antes vivías en Londres
pero ya no.
Ejemplos Negativa:
Hábito:I didn’t use to play the guitar. CUIDADO SE OMITE LA D DE USED PORQUE EL
PASADO LO LLEVA EL AUXILIAR
TO BE USED TO / TO GET USED TO
Ambos refieren al presente y van seguidos de un gerundio. To be used to:
estar acostumbrado hacer algo. To get used to: acostumbrarse a hacer algo.
To be used to - estar acostumbrado a
·We were used to the sunny
weather of the coast. Estábamos
acostumbrados al clima soleado de la costa.
·Joan is used to dealing with
children. Joan está
acostumbrada a tratar con niños.
·Mr. Jones wasn't used to all
that luxury. El señor
Jones no estaba acostumbrado a todo ese lujo.
·They must be used to their
noisy neighbours. Deben de
estar acostumbrados a sus vecinos ruidosos.
·I am not used to travelling by
plane. No estoy
acostumbrado a viajar en avión.
To get used to - acostumbrarse a (si sigue verbo,
es un gerundio)
·People get used to new
technologies. La gente se
acostumbra a las nuevas tecnologías.
·Paul never got used to living
in the country. Paul nunca
se acostumbró a vivir en el campo.
·I was getting used to working
with Michael. Me estaba
acostumbrando a trabajar con Michael.
·We had got used to having you
around. Nos habíamos
acostumbrado a tenerte por aquí.
·I will never get used to getting
up early. Nunca me voy
a acostumbrar a levantarme temprano.
1.-Fill in
the blanks with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets
a.-There usedn´t to (be) computers in the nineteenth century.
b.-I am used to(work)on the night shift.
c.-I used to (work) on the night shift.
d.-She had to get used to(speak) in public
e.-She would get used to(wear) contact lenses if she tried to.
f.-They couldn´t get used to(live) in a flat that´s why they moved to a small house in the country.
g.-They used to (commute)every day but now they walk to work .
h.-We used to (read)a lot of books at school.
i.-I am not used to(wear)make-up.
j.-She used to(bite)her nails.
begosantao
UNIT
3
Grammar
Present Perfect Simple Vs Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Simple Vs Past Perfect Continuous
Present perfect simple and
past simple
Present perfect simple
We use the present perfect simple:
• to talk about an experience in somebody’s life. (We
don’t say when it happened.)
He’s had a mobile phone for a long time.
• with for and since to talk about an action that started
in the past and continues to the present.
Tim’s known Kate since he was ten.
• with just, yet and already for a past action with a
result in the present.
I’ve just bought a new mountain bike.
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action
that happened at a definite time in the past.
We saw John at the weekend.
1 Choose the correct words.
1 They’ve already / yet visited Venice.
2 Have you ever / never seen a ghost?
3 Has she finished work just / yet?
4 They’ve been married for / since October.
5 Lucy has worked in the circus since / for she was
a child.
6 David has just / yet got back from holiday.
2 Complete the newspaper extracts. Use the
correct form of the present perfect simple
or the past simple.
Last night a massive tidal wave 1……………… (hit) the coast of
Mexico. Over 5,000 people
2……………… (already / lose) their homes.
Yesterday a girl 3……………… (hand in) a
briefcase containing £100,000 to the police. The girl found the
briefcase at Euston railway station. The cost of living in Britain 4……………… (rise)
again. Last year prices in British supermarkets 5……………… (increase) by
more than five per
cent.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of
the present perfect simple or the past
simple.
1…………… you …………… (ever / dream) of being a film star?
Leonardo DiCaprio was only five years old when he 2………….… (star) in his
first TV show, and just thirteen when he 3……………… (appear) in his first
film. Since then he
4……………… (not stop) working. He
5……………… (be) in over fifteen films and he 6……………… (work)
with stars such as Robert De Niro and Johnny Depp.
Leonardo 7……………… (be) born in Los
Angeles in 1974. After appearing in TV shows,
he 8……………… (get) his first film role in
Critters 3, then he starred in Romeo and Juliet.
But it 9……………… (not be) until Titanic that
he 10……………… (become) a world-famous
teen idol. It was then that Leonardo
11……………… (begin) to appear on magazine
covers around the world.
Since Titanic, Leonardo 12……………… (be)
very busy. He 13……………… (already / make)
three more films and 14…………… (just / start)
work on another.
4 Write questions about Leonardo. Use the
present perfect simple or the past simple.
1 How old / when / first appear / on TV?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2 ever / meet / Robert De Niro?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3 How long / be / an actor?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4 famous / before Titanic?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
5 How many / films / make / since Titanic?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
Present perfect continuous
Present perfect continuous
Affirmative: we use have/has
+ been + the -ing form
of the verb.
He’s been writing letters all morning.
Negative: we use haven’t/hasn’t +
been + the
-ing form of the verb.
We haven’t been reading much lately.
Interrogative: we put have/has
before the
subject + been + the -ing form of the verb.
You look hot! Have you been running?
1 Complete the conversations with the
correct form of the present perfect
continuous.
1 ‘How long ……………… he ………………
(play) that computer game?’
‘Since ten o’clock this morning!’
2 ‘You look dirty!’
‘I ……………… (repair) my motorbike.’
3 ‘Frank has got a black eye.’
‘……………… he ………………
(fight) again?’
4 ‘Why is she crying?’
‘She ……………… (watch) a sad film.’
5 ‘Mary looks tired.’
‘Yes. She ……………… (revise) all night
for her exams.’
6 ‘I’ve been here since one o’clock. What
……………… you ……………… (do)?’
‘I ……………… (look for) you!’
Present perfect simple
We use the present perfect simple to emphasize:
• the result of an activity (not the activity itself).
We’ve written ten letters today.
• how many times an activity happens.
I’ve read this book three times.
Present perfect continuous
We use the present perfect continuous
to emphasize:
• the process of an activity.
We’ve been writing letters since breakfast.
• how long an activity continues.
I’ve been reading all morning.
2 Choose the correct tenses.
1 Steven Spielberg has directed / has been
directing over twenty
films since 1980.
2 He has worked on / has been working on a new film since
January.
3 John Galliano has designed / has been designing clothes for a
long time.
4 He has designed / has been designing two new collections since
last summer.
5 Lonely Planet have published / have been
publishing two new travel
guides this month.
6 They have published / have been publishing travel guides for
years.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple
or the present perfect continuous.
Ever since he was a teenager Alex Whitestone
1……………… (want) to travel. This year he
decided to do it. Alex gave up his job as a
journalist in July, and since then he 2……………… (travel) around the
world. So far
he 3……………… (visit) four different countries.At the moment Alex is in Bangkok, in Thailand.
He 4……………… (already / be) there for five days. ‘I 5……………… (never
/ be) to Asia before, so it was my first stop,’ he explains. So
6……………… he ……………… (buy) any souvenirs yet? ‘Not yet,’ says Alex. And
what about the food? ‘It’s great! I
7……………… (eat) a lot of rice and fish,’ he says. During his
travels Alex 8……………… (meet) many other tourists. ‘I 9……………… (made)
some new friends,’ he says, ‘and we
10……………… (exchange) advice about where to go and what to see. I
11……………… (also /write) a travel guide, but I 12……………… (not finish)
it
UNIT
4
Grammar
Relative Clauses
Relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
Use
We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the
person or thing in the main clause. The extra information is not essential.
Robbie Williams’ Millennium, which is one of his most successful
singles, was released in 1999.
Form
In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the
main clause.
We use the relative pronouns who, which, whose, where
and when in non-defining relative clauses. The
relative pronoun cannot be omitted.
Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a band.
1 Combine the sentences. Use who, which,
whose, where or
when.
Ivan is very good-looking. (He’s Helen’s brother.)
Ivan, who is Helen’s brother, is very good-looking.
1 The book is about a murder on the Nile. (It was written by Agatha
Christie.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 The diamond necklace has been found by the police. (It was stolen last
week.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 Steven Spielberg lives in Hollywood. (He is a famous film director.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4 My friend Isabel wants to do media studies.
(Her father is a TV presenter.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5 The new club plays great music. (Jamie works there.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6 My holiday in Ibiza was wonderful. (I first met Jenny then.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7 The new band is very good. (It was formed last year.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Defining relative clauses
Use
We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about the
person or thing in the mainclause. It tells us which person or thing we are
talking
about.
This is the CD which everyone is talking about.
Form
There are no commas in defining relative clauses. We can replace who or
which with that in defining relative
clauses.
She’s the woman that works with my mother.
This is the book that I told you about.
Who, which, that and when can be
omitted when they are the object of the verb in the second clause, e.g.
There’s the man that the police have been looking for.
Whose and where can’t be
omitted.
2 Combine the sentences. Use who, which,
that, where or
when.
That’s the school. I used to go to it.
That’s the school that I used to go to.
1 There’s the girl. I was telling you
about her.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
2 That was the day. They got married then.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
3 She’s the girl. Her brother plays in the football
team.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
4 That’s the café. I meet my friends there.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
5 This is the film. I’ve been waiting to see it
for ages.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
6 Have you met the girl? She’s going out
with Ted.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
7 These are the trainers. I bought them yesterday.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
UNIT
5
Grammar
Conditionals
First, second and third
conditionals
First conditional
We use the first conditional to talk about
situations that are possible or likely to happen.
If he finishes his homework, he’ll go to the cinema.
Second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about situations
which are imaginary or unlikely to happen.
If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, I’d ask him for his
autograph.
Third conditional
We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary or
hypothetical situations in the past.
If she had got up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the
train.
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 If she had more time,
2 If she has the new Star Wars game,
3 If I was rich,
4 He would have phoned the police
5 If he had a motorbike,
6 If she had watched the tennis match,
7 If I find the letter,
a he’d ride it to school.
b she’ll let you play it.
c I’d buy a sports car.
d she would have known the result.
e I’ll tell you.
f she’d learn another language.
g if he’d seen the robbery.
2 Read the text. Then complete the sentences
in the first, second or third conditional. Use
the correct form of the verbs.
Andrew Chance’s mother was horrified when she received her son’s
Internet shopping bill. Thirteenyear-old Andrew had spent nearly £1 million on
eMall, an American Internet shopping site. Andrew used his parents’
password to get into the site. He then bought a Rolls Royce, a Van Gogh
painting and an antique bed. ‘I’m in big trouble,’ the worried
teenager said yesterday.
1 If Andrew’s parents ……………… (not buy) him the computer, he wouldn’t
have shopped on the Internet.
2 Andrew would make more friends if
he ……………… (spend) less time on
the Internet.
3 If his parents ……………… (find out) earlier, Andrew would have
spent less money.
4 If Andrew’s mother doesn’t pay, she
……………… (have to) go to prison.
5 Andrew ……………… (not get) into trouble if he hadn’t used his
parents’ password.
6 If I ……………… (be) Andrew’s mother, I’d sell his computer.
7 If teenagers ……………… (have) a computer, they’ll want to surf the
Internet.
3 Rewrite the sentences in the first, second or
third conditional.
He can’t find his wallet so he’s angry.
(second conditional)
If he could find his wallet, he wouldn’t be angry.
1 In order to lose weight you need to
exercise more. (first conditional)
If you want ……………………………………….
………………………………………………
2 He may be late, but he can meet us at the Blue
Note café. (first conditional)
If he’s …………………………………………….
…………………………………………………
3 An old woman saw him burgle the house. That’s
why he’s in prison. (third conditional)
If she hadn’t ……………………………………...
…………………………………………………
4 He wants to be rich and famous. Then he’ll be
happy. (second conditional)
If he was ………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
5 Dave fell asleep so he missed the end of
the film. (third conditional)
If he hadn’t ……………...………………………..
……………………………
UNIT
6
Grammar
The Passive
The passive
The passive
(present simple, past simple and will)
Use
We use the passive when we don’t know who
or what
does the action, or when it isn’t
important.
After the car accident, Peter was
arrested.
The space shuttle will be launched
on 4th July.
We use the active when we know who or what
does the
action, and it’s important.
After the car accident, the police
arrested Peter.
NASA will launch the space shuttle on 4th July.
Form
We use the correct tense of the verb be +
past participle.
These computers are made in Japan.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
The crime will be
investigated by the police.
1 Underline the passive verbs. Then rewrite
the sentences in the active.
A valuable painting was stolen from the
Louvre last night.
Someone stole a valuable painting from
the Louvre last night.
1 The World Cup is watched by millions of
football fans. Millions of football fans ……………………
………………………………………………
2 The film premiere will be attended by
lots
of stars. Lots of stars …………………………………
………………………………………………
3 The first movie camera was invented by
William Dickson in 1891.
William Dickson ……………………………
………………………………………………
4 The new Virgin Megastore will be opened
by Robbie Williams. Robbie Williams ……………………………
………………………………………………
2 Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the passive.
1 The leather jacket ……………… (design) by a famous designer. It cost £3,500.
2 The new Boyzone album ……………… (not release) until September.
3 A lot of computer games ……………… (make) in Taiwan these days. Most of the games ………………
(export) to America and
Europe.
4 Madonna is a very popular singer. Every
week millions of her CDs ……………… (sell) around
the world.
5 Romeo and Juliet ……………… (perform) at the Globe Theatre next Saturday.
3 Complete the article with the correct
form of the passive.
Stunts
Nowadays, action films are getting more
and
more spectacular. Many special effects are
added (add) to make the action more realistic.
It’s impossible to control the weather
during
filming. As a result, weather effects 1……………… often ……………… (create) for the film. For example, the winter
scenes in Young SherlockHolmes 2……………… (not film) in winter, but in the middle of summer. The snow 3……………… (make) from polystyrene!
Car chases, high-speed crashes, or falls
from
high buildings 4……………… (not play) by the stars themselves – they 5……………… (do) by stuntmen. In Volcano, stuntmen 6……………… (set on fire). However, the actors 7……………… (protect) by several layers of special clothing, so nobody 8……………… (injure). In the future, many stunts 9……………… (notneed). Most effects 10……………… (generate) by
computer, so action films should be safer
and easier to make.
UNIT 7
Grammar
Reported Speech
Change the following sentences into reported
speech:
1.”It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday”, I remarked.
2. “Nothing grows in
my garden. It never gets any sun”, she said.
3. “I’m going away
tomorrow, mother”, he said.
4. “I’ve been in
London for a month but so far I haven’t had time to visit he Tower”,
saidTim
5. “We have moved
into our new flat. We don’t like it nearly so much as our last one”, said my
aunt.
6. “If I press my
ear against the wall, I can hear what the people in the next flat are
saying”, he said.
7. The advertisement
said, “If you answer the questions correctly you may win ₤100”.
8. “My new house is
supposed to be haunted, but so far I haven’t seen any ghosts”, she said.
9. “I don’t think
your father likes me”, said the young wife.
10. “If you saw my
father, you’d recognize him at once”, she said to me.
11. “What happened
to one of the men?”, said Mr. Budd.
12. “Who is going to
buy his racehorses?”, asked someone.
13. “How much does a
return ticket to Bath cost?”, Mrs. Jones asked.
14. “When has the
timetable changed?”, I asked.
15.”Is a return
ticket cheaper than two singles?”, said my aunt.
16. “Do puppies
travel free?”, said a dog owner.
17. “Can I bring my
dog into the compartment with me?”, she asked.
18. “Did you play
for your school team?”, said Bill.
19. “Would you like
to join our drama group?”, Ann said.
